Shockwave can be an option for selected persistent Achilles tendinopathy, but progressive tendon loading remains central. The insertional and mid-portion…

Shockwave may be considered for persistent plantar heel pain when the diagnosis fits and a well-dosed programme of load management, calf and foot…

Ultrasound can assess the Achilles and several superficial ankle tendons, ligaments and soft tissues. It is most helpful when a focused clinical question…

Calf pain may come from muscle strain, Achilles or other tendon problems, nerve referral, a stress injury or circulation. Sudden swelling and unexplained…

An ankle may keep giving way because ligaments have not fully recovered, balance and reaction time remain impaired, calf and peroneal strength is reduced,…

Many ankle sprains recover with protection, early comfortable movement and progressive loading, but persistent swelling, instability, bony tenderness or…

Pain on the first steps in the morning commonly fits plantar fasciopathy, but it can also arise from the heel fat pad, nerves, bone or referred pain. The…

Rest may calm Achilles pain temporarily, but it does not restore tendon capacity. Most rehabilitation gradually reloads the calf–Achilles unit while…