Shockwave can be an option for selected persistent Achilles tendinopathy, but progressive tendon loading remains central. The insertional and mid-portion…

Shockwave may be considered for persistent plantar heel pain when the diagnosis fits and a well-dosed programme of load management, calf and foot…

Focused shockwave concentrates acoustic energy at a chosen depth. It can be useful when the target is small, deep or close to bone, but suitability depends…

Radial shockwave disperses pressure waves through a broader, relatively superficial area. It may be considered for selected persistent tendon problems…

Ultrasound can assess the Achilles and several superficial ankle tendons, ligaments and soft tissues. It is most helpful when a focused clinical question…

Running injuries often follow a mismatch between training demand and current capacity. Distance, speed, hills, surfaces, footwear, strength, sleep and…

Pain on the first steps in the morning commonly fits plantar fasciopathy, but it can also arise from the heel fat pad, nerves, bone or referred pain. The…

Rest may calm Achilles pain temporarily, but it does not restore tendon capacity. Most rehabilitation gradually reloads the calf–Achilles unit while…

Pain at the side of the hip often involves the gluteal tendons and compression around the greater trochanter. It may be aggravated by lying on that side,…

Golfer's elbow is pain around the inner elbow linked to the wrist-flexor and pronator tendon attachment. It can affect golfers, gym users, manual workers…

Tennis elbow is usually a load-related problem at the outer elbow, often aggravated by gripping, lifting and wrist extension. Rehabilitation rebuilds…

Both use acoustic pressure waves, but they deliver energy differently. Radial pressure waves spread over a broader, relatively superficial area; focused…